Rahl Idaho National Laboratory P. 4301 and 1. 4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304L respectively. It has thermal conductivity of 16. The sample was etched in a solution of 10% HCl and 0. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor K Factor - 3D development Bend Allowance 2D development Min Flange Min Joggle Max Length Min Angle 'X' 0. This database is a small collection of thermal properties for materials used to construct common objects found in households and offices. 0035 with a standard uncertainty of 0. 93 g/cm3 (0. 4301). and 6 to 25 mm sizes may be used with high quality, fully annealed (seamless or welded and drawn) alloy 6Mo hydraulic tubing. 14 Mild Steel, Polished 75 (24) . 304 Stainless Steel Strips: 304 stainless steel strip is the most widely used chromium-nickel stainless steel strip. Pierre-Jean, Working with Stainless Steel(Materials and Applications Series, Volume 2), Paris: Sirpe, 1998. It is this element that reacts with the oxygen in the air to form a. It is calculated on the basis of the chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and nitrogen (N) content of an alloy. SUS 316. First, we must start with the k factor: Another way to determine the k factor is by following the “rule of thumb”. Reply. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial. This Table is applicable to Never-Seize paste and Fel-Pro lubricant, K=0. 312 and thinner. tK = tC + 273. 5 min read If you're working with sheet metal, you are very likely to add a bend to your part. Standard Metric; S-256-X: 2-56. 5% chromium content by mass. 20: Lubricated: 0. g. 9 Long Radius Elbow Pipe Fitting Manufacturers, Stockist, Suppliers – Seamless Elbow, Welded Elbow, Large Diameter Fabricated Elbow Factory. 3 9. 446. The K-factor in sheet metal bending represents the ratio between the thickness of the metal and an invisible line called the “neutral axis. Type 304 is sometimes also referred to as 18/8, a. Choose an option Mirror Polished Satin Polished. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. 42 for a bottom bend, both gradually increasing to 0. The calculations referenced in Paragraph 304. M. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. Several points here. The annealing process adds corrosion resistance and is critical for the machinability and formability of the metal. 7 Stainless steel 304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. The following datasheet provides an overview of grade 304N stainless steel. 4301 stainless steel samples, a material commonly used in mechanical engineering, were used as a test material. ASTM A193/A193M B8MA Class 1A All 75,000 30,000 B90 Where cost is a larger factor than a life span, 430 may be more suitable. 4481; Chemtrec: 800. 18: Cadmium-Plated: 0. Surface designations such as “2B”สแตนเลส 304 ถือเป็นสแตนเลสที่มีมาตรฐาน Food Grade อยู่ในตระกูลออสเทนิติค Austenitic Stainless Steel ซึ่งเหมาะสมกับครัวเรือน การแปรรูปอาหาร และการ. For example, this table explains the oxidation colors that form on stainless steel Type 1. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. 8 Steel Plain Finish 0. JINDAL L Shape Stainless Steel Angle, For Industrial. Easy formability. Where high strength is required. R. AISI 304 – industrially denoted as 18/8, is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel. 304 17. The alloys are used widely in. SS 316 is better than SS 304 in terms of corrosion resistance, heat resistance and certain properties, but the price is higher than AISI 304, for more details, please check stainless steel grade 304 vs 316, and 316 vs 316L. 4301) and stainless steel 316 (EN steel number 1. 5: Tantalum: 6. 8 Square Head; Low Head Socket Cap Screws. Typical wear and galling problems: 1. 5m) Grade. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. 304 AND 316 STAINLESS STEEL PROOF LOAD, LBS 1750 4250 5850 7800 12400 TENSILE STRENGTH MIN. However, continuous use at a temperature between 797-1580 °F can lead to corrosion. The emissivity of stainless steel 316L with surface roughness 4. Sheared Size. 5 in sheet metal design and processing. 0015-0. copper 0. 3 (100 ℃) 21. Ferritic Stainless Steels. 300 series stainless steel applications include: Food & beverage industry. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C)The K-factor is the most popular way of calculating the bend allowance and bend deduction, but there are multiple ways that this calculation can be done. Bushing for chain. The inclusion of nickel in 304 makes the metal more corrosion resistant than 430. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple. 304 stainless steel is one of the most popular types of stainless steel. Metallurgical Structure. The increase of the material. 5: Tellurium:. , 𝜒 phase, Lave phase, etc. Material Machinability Chart - Machinability of Metals The metal with a machinability rating smaller than 100% means it is more difficult to machine than B-1112 (carbon steel 1212) and materials with a rating. Cold Working. Contact Supplier. 5. Linear thermal expansison coefficients of metals and alloys (Cont. 3 x 10-6 /°C. Stainless Steel. An alloy steel is a high-strength carbon steel that can be heat treated up to 300 ksi. This additive gives 316 very good heat and corrosion resistance. First, compare their strengths and weaknesses, but know that both are good for corrosion resistance, strength, welding, and heat resistance. Thickness Minimum Bend Bend Radius Min Flange Min Hole (0. Material Thermal Properties Database. For instance, austenitic stainless steels like AISI 304 and 316 exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance and typically deliver smoother surfaces compared to other. Choose an option 304 430. The K factor is the most important and elusive variable of bending, because it varies both as a function of the material and according to parameters such as angle and tooling. Co-Efficient of Linear Thermal Expansion. Similar to SUS304, SS304 also contains 18% Cr and 8% Ni and is, therefore, referred to as 18/8. However, this steel can be cold. The material was evaluated up to 50% reduction in thickness. Stainless steels can be more flexible than. All stainless steels contain a minimum of 10. •. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout Europe, for the informatio n of the user: • Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with EN 10088-1:2005 • Mechanical properties are in accordanc. Depending on grade, the coefficient varies in the range of (10-17. ) Coefficient of Expansion. Contact Supplier. 030″. 316 $1. Figure 5 shows the k values for 316 and 304 stainless steel against fatigue life Nf. 56% and 7. The experiments were carried out on nuclear and commercial grade AISI type 304 stainless steel sheet specimens of different thickness. Because of the specific properties of any given metal, there is no easy way to calculate that value perfectly, hence the chart in Figure 2. 33 1. Over small temperature ranges, the thermal expansion of uniform linear objects is proportional to temperature change. For most materials, the K-factor is a number less than or equal to 0. Linear thermal expansion for some common metals: Metals - Temperature Expansion Coefficients. Page: F_102905. The flow stress at 0. Stainless Steels Transport, chemical and food processing plant, nuclear plant, domestic ware (cutlery,. 5. Microstructure of the coarse-grained 304 austenitic stainless steel sample strained 10% at −50 °C, indicating both the ε–martensite and α ′-martensite. 316. The k-factor can be calculated from the bend allowance. The proposed ASCE ASD Specification includes four types of austenitic stainless steels (Types 201, 301, 304, and 316) and three types of ferritic stainless steels (Types 409, 430, and 439). It has 16-18% chromium and 10-14% nickel, plus molybdenum of 2-3% that provides extra corrosion protection against salt. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. 8 Bare Steel; DIN 7984-10. 304 stainless steel is generally perfect for applications that require good corrosion resistance, such as cooking utensils, while 410 stainless steel is suitable for applications that require hardness and wear resistance. Stainless steel types 1. The density of stainless steel is about 7. Most values for temperature 25 oC (77 oF). 5 µm”, for instance, does not have the same meaning as “Ra max 0. 304 stainless steel is the most common form of stainless steel used around the world, due to its excellent corrosion resistance and value. 5. It is magnetic, but less. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). 4301 / AISI 304 is the standard austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel. 3 M of uranyl nitrate. The strength and limitation of the different creep–fatigue life predictions which are usually used for 304 SS are also reviewed on the basis of. Stainless Steel Visit our Website at Types 302, 304, 304L, 305 RESISTANCE TO CORROSION General Corrosion The Types 302, 304, 304L and 305 austenitic stainless steels provide useful resistance to corrosion on a wide range of moderately oxidizing to moderately reducing environments. 316 SS: Performs best in temperatures above. The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round, square or rectangular tube) Predicted difficulty. 5m X 1. In applications where aesthetic appearance is important, it is recommended that 3CR12 is painted, or a higher grade should be used. 304. On the other hand, 316 SS functions well in temperatures above 1550 ℉ and below 850°F. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. The emissivity of stainless steel 304 was gradually increased by a value of 0. - iron. Density also known as specific mass or specific gravity, is a measure of the mass in a specific volume. They withstand washdowns with harsh cleaners and sanitizers. Special analysis and proprietary alloys may have numbers that resemble AISI type numbers. 5. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. Each material has advantages and disadvantages. Stainless Steel Round Tube 304. Notes: 1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/dm3 = 1000 kg/m3; 1 μΩ·m = 1 Ω·mm²/m. Examples: 304L-T4-S-035-20 304L-T6M-S-1,5M-6ME 304L-T4-S-065-6ME Pressure ratings of tubing used with Swagelok® tube fittings may be limited by the end connection . More complete picture about the strain hardening exponent in the stress–strain curve on This page was last edited on 26 September 2021, at 09:02 (UTC). Buy Small Quantities of Stainless Sheet 12 Gauge (Grade 304) at the Allmetalsinc. We use K factor of . The variation of the SRF value. 1. Both fasteners are stainless steel. 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. Afterwards k-factor is used in CAD. Bolts of stainless steel (CRES)are available in a variety of. p = 2 (0. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. Finally, there’s the cost factor. It is an economical and versatile corrosion resistant alloy suitable for a wide range of general purpose applications. Now consider that 316 grade stainless steel contains a minimum 2. The range of Machinability is vast and spans from about 40% for difficult to machine steels, such as bearing steel ( SAE 52100 / DIN 100Cr6) up to Ledloy free-cutting steel (SAE 12L14 / DIN 9SMnPb36) that has a machinability rate of about 170%. 001 and 0. 4401/1. 000. The quality of the water regarding the health and safety of consumers is a matter of the utmost importance in the urban water-consuming system [3,. The annealing temperature for grade 304 is between 1100°C and 1150°C (2012°F and 2102°F). Other stainless Weight & Density of Stainless Steel 304, 316, 304L & 316L. Its nominal composition is 18% chromium and 8% nickel, so it is also called 18/8 stainless steel. Grade 316 is the standard molybdenum-bearing grade, second in importance to 304 amongst the austenitic stainless steels. Page 2. The density of stainless steel 304 is 7. 0. thermal diffusivity; 304 stainless steel. If a material is 0. One cubic meter of 304 stainless steel weighs 7,930 kg. Since KC1. A comparison of the surface roughness factor (SRF), determined by xenon adsorption, has been made for the surfaces of 304 and 316 stainless steels irradiated with 100 keV helium ions. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. Share Facebook Twitter ReddIt WhatsApp Pinterest Email Linkedin Tumblr Telegram Viber. 286 lb/in3. The students are made aware of the fact that Paris Law is applicable for stress intensity factor range higher than the threshold value ΔK thGrade 304 Stainless Steel is an amazingly versatile material with countless uses. 5 15 4000 30° 2. Take the bend allowance as 2. 5–1° whereas the same thickness sheet with a ±68 mm bend radius can have springback as much as 30°. It has high strength, moderate corrosion resistance, and good hardness and wear resistance. duplex stainless steel with a 22% Cr, 5% Ni and 3% Mo compo-sition available as UNS S31803 or the dual certified UNS S31803/S32205. 9 9. 39 8. 4404 are also known as grades 316 and 3164L respectively. Alloy 304L a T-300 series stainless steel austenitic, which has a minimum of 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Product Code: SSH-1. Composition. It is the standard “18/8 stainless” that is commonly found in pans and cooking tools. I have tried it today and it doesn't seem to give exactly the result I was expecting. Allowable pressure for a 4" sch. Friction Factor of Stainless Steel Pipes. 12 Mild Steel, Liquid 2910-3270 (1599-1793) . On the other hand, 316 SS functions well in temperatures above 1550 ℉ and below 850°F. At this level, chromium reactsthis data to the K factor of 3x10-10 obtained against carbon steel shows that minimal wear could be expected using brass surface. Type 304 has a maximum carbon of 0. The K-factor is defined mathematically as t/Mt, where t is the neutral axis location and Mt is the material thickness. 08% carbon; 18-20% chromium; 66. 1μm was between 0. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. To learn more about the differences among stainless steels, feel free to read our article on the type of stainless steel. Stainless Steel 304/304L Precision Pipe Fittings Heat Exchanger Tubes Stainless Steel 309S/309H Needle & Guage Valves Steel Bars/Rods & Wire Stainless Steel 310/310S Manifold Valves Fasteners (Nut, Bolt, Washer) Stainless Steel 316/316L Steel Angle Bars Stainless Steel 316Ti Hex Steel Bars304 stainless steel is a type of metal that has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its durability and resistance to corrosion. Contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 4404 (AISI 316/316L), ferritic grade EN 1. AISI 304 and 316 are the most common grades in this series. It is a general term for stainless acid-resistant steel, which resists corrosion from atmospheric, acid, alkali, salt, and other media. d = Pitch Diameter (m) K Df = Nut Friction Diameter (m) μ = oefficient of Friction Fastener Material Coefficient of Friction (μ) K-Factor 304 Stainless Steel 0. Pull toward one side of the stainless steel sheet toward the score line with your gloved hands to bend the sheet. Using the K-factor calculator. Mathematically k factor value is equal to the ratio of position of neutral axis and sheet thickness. Bushing for chain belt. 12 Mild Steel, Liquid 2910-3270 (1599-1793) . 15: 640 304 stainless steel (annealed) 0. 5656 South Pennsylvania AvenueAISI 301 Stainless Steel (UNS S30100) AISI 301 stainless steel (UNS S30100) is the most susceptible to cold deformation strengthening among conventional austenitic stainless steels. Pure aluminum has a thermal conductivity of about 235 watts per kelvin per meter. 304 stainless steel yield strength at 0. 1 – Normalized Specific cutting Force [KPSI] or. 5% nickel whereas 430 contains 0%. 045” 304 Stainless Steel – 20 gauge ( 0. Source: STEEL PRODUCTS MANUAL, STAINLESS AND HEAT RE-SISTING STEELS, DECEMBER 1974, American Iron and Our market analysis draws on our multi-commodity capabilities across nickel, ferroalloys and steel to provide an in-depth examination of stainless steel flat products globally. 304 -1. The molybdenum gives 316 better overall corrosion resistant properties than Grade 304, particularly higher resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. e. A781/A781M-21 Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use. Based on their melting points, 304 SS has a melting range higher than 316 SS (by 50-100F). As a leader in price assessments, CRU releases monthly prices for chrome. is 17. What Are K- and Y-Factors? K-factor and Y-factor in sheet metal both look at how bending affects the material and how much bending the metal will allow. Stainless steel types 1. 000. The name comes from their stable metallurgical structure at room temperature. Sensitized type 304 stainless steel has lower ductility than annealed type 304 when tested in air; in hydrogen gas the absolute and relative reduction in area is lower for sensitized type 304 thanCalculate K factor, bend allowance and Y factor for sheet metal bending. We use . 80 Steel Alloys Type 301, Polished 75 (24) . 08% C), as there is existing evidence of its enhanced ductility under pulsed loading (Zhang and Yuan, 2009). 64-Rubber (60 A Belt) Rubber (40 A Belt) . Tables for pipe roughness and kinematic viscosity are also included. Type 439 is a titanium stabilized, 18 percent chromium alloy that may be used in many oxidizing environments where Type 304 is considered adequate in terms. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18/8 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 4307 respectively. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance. V Sok Nepel / Reducer Nepple Stainless Steel 304 1 1/4 x 1 inch. Type 304 steel is part of the 3xx stainless steels or those alloys which are blended with chromium and nickel. The main difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel is that 316 contains an increased amount of molybdenum. A487/A487M-21 Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service. 1 × H M − M C × ( 1 − 0. A 304 Stainless Steel similar to the Class 1, but has been carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. Fig. 1. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800–1500°F (427– 816°C). 030" 0. Neutral Axis Representation. Hardness and strength can be improved through cold working. Transformation of complete α'—martensite was. 5 in) - 2 (0. 527: BTU/lb: Maximum Service Temperature: 1023: 1198: K: 1381. Nature of the grain boundary and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) The grain boundary energy in type 304 stainless steel is known ( Murr 1975) to vary from 20 to 835 mJ/m 2. Tank Material:304 Stainless Steel Note:€For low quantity purchases, enclosed truck can be requested Housing Material:304 Stainless Steel w/ Corrosion Resistant Cover Band, RemovableWe are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. Cutting speed should be lower, the feed higher, tooling and equipment heavier. Linear thermal expansion coefficient (α) at 20°C for Stainless steel. 28 Steel, Unoxidized 212 (100) . Mechanical Properties. Type 304 steel is part of the 3xx stainless steels or those alloys which are blended with chromium and nickel. For instance, 304 stainless steel forms a radius 20 to 22 percent of the die width, while a radius in 5052-H32 aluminum forms at 13 to 15 percent of the width. Machinability. Best way to calculate the value of k factor in sheet metal is by reverse engineering. 4436. In the process of making stainless steel, alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and molybdenum (Mo) are added to improve its performance and make it resistant to corrosion, or rust-free. ASTM A193/A193M B8M Class 1 All 75,000 30,000 B96 A 316 Stainless Steel used for high temperature applications. (oF) Thermal Expansion. 25m) 3000mm x 1500mm (3m x 1. As a leader in price assessments, CRU releases monthly prices for chrome. If your bend radius needs to be adjusted, a member of Engineering & Design Services team will contact you before your design is. SS grade 304 contains approximately 18–20% mass fraction chromium, and 8–12% nickel, whereas SS grade 316 contain approximately. Density also known as specific mass or specific gravity, is a measure of the mass in a specific volume. Stainless steel grades 304 and 316 are the most commonly used in the food and beverage industry ( 19 ). The softer, high ductility austenitic types, such as 304 and 316, can suffer from galling and, in extreme cases. In his work, Nadum Ibrahim Nasir et al. S. Two surface finishing conditions. This means that the neutral axis cannot migrate past the midpoint of the material (i. 5 for larger bend radii. 5 percent by weight and a high amount of chromium at approximately 18 to 20 percent by weight. Stainless steel pipes are pipes made of stainless steel, which is a type of steel alloy with a minimum of 10. . 3. By subjecting grade 301 to controlled analysis it is capable of retaining sufficient ductility even in ½ hard conditions. Stainless steel is the generic name for a number of different steels used primarily because of their corrosion resistance. 045,The coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE, CLTE, α, or α1) is a material property that is indicative of the extent to which a material expands upon heating. t. BA= 2 pi x (inside radius + half thickness) x angle of bend in degrees / 360, as a formula 2 x 22/7 x (R + T/2) x A/360 if you are working on outside radius formula becomes 2 x 22/7 x (R - T/2) x A/360. 61 Polished Sheet 100 (38) . Austenitic Stainless Steel," by K. Below is a chemical breakdown of 304 steel: <=0. 379191: 0. 36 It is easy to scale-up and offers stability for long-term operation of MFCs. 10/19 schedule 40 steel pipes. Generally, many secondary phases (e. PREN is commonly used to rank the susceptibility of stainless steel and nickel-base alloys,. 6 8-32 Stainless Steel Fasteners Material Length of Thread Engagement (in) Experimental Torque Applied (in-lb) Calculated Torque From Tables (in-lb) 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” between 57-60 77. Grade 440C stainless steel is a high carbon martensitic stainless steel. Stainless Steel: 304ss, 316ss, 410ss. 0% molybdenum. 6 and wall thickness coefficient Y = 0. 44 and 0. 2. 0 % strain vs. Corrosion resistance. Our free online sheet metal bending calculator enables you to rapidly determine the crucial parameters in sheet metal bending calculations, such as the K-factor, Y-factor, bend allowance, bend deduction, arc length, and unfolding flat size. 45 1. 9300 Handyflo-120 Silver Solder Lucas-Milhapt, Inc. However, 304 stainless steel is more resistant to general corrosion. The welding of stainless steel pipe sections must be performed by skilled technicians, and in accordance with the standards prescribed. Stainless Steel Prices/Nickel Prices. 3048 m. 450: 1275 References External links. 188" 0. Notably, 304 contains between 8 – 10. 2 and Figure 3. The transformation of γ—austenite to complete α'—martensite (strain-induced martensite) through ε—martensite with no traces of deformation nanotwins was reported on rolling austenitic stainless steel (SS 304) with two different rolling strains (50% and 75%) at room and cryogenic temperatures. Stainless Steel Welding Characteristics By definition, stainless steels are iron-base alloys containing 10% or more chromium, which imparts to the metal the corrosion-resistant properties for which stainless steels are so highly regarded. Yield Factor. 304 Stainless steel: 316 Stainless steel: Chemical Composition: Chromium – 18%, nickel – 8%: Chromium – 16%, Nickel – 10%, Molybdenum – 2%: Corrosion. X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03. Hardcover. 1 - 2. (2022b), Seitl et al. Stainless steel grade 301 is usually supplied in the form of strips and wires, with a tensile strength of up to 1800 Mpa, to produce tempers ranging from 1/16 Hard to Full Hard. Flexible Rubber Tubing - Smooth. 5% chromium and usually nickel, and may also. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh (2003) 26. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. 6 Table 17-1. Bu Maming says. 4)Alloy 304/304L (UNS S30400/ S30403) is the most widely utilized “18-8” chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. K is 0. Topics Deformation and fracture , Heat-affected zone , Austenitic stainless steel , Fracture toughness testing , Charpy testing , Aging , Welding ,. 1 GPa = 1 kN/mm2. Nickel amounts to about 8% and Chromium accounts for about 18%. 33: K factor:. 27 mm ) 0. Let's try the best K-factor for stainless steel. Essentially non-magnetic, becomes slightly magnetic when cold worked. Hot Working. 03 m/s) and different loads (6 N, 15 N) with and without lubricant (liquid vaseline) were carried out. ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. Assuming you used an inside bend radius smaller than the material thickness, the K-factor (or neutral factor, if you prefer) in our cheesy example would be 0. The K-factor is usually somewhere between 0. The span in the values may be caused by the variation in the materials themselves - or by the variation in the sources used. 304L can, therefore, be used "as welded" in severe corrosion environments, and it eliminates the need for. Stainless Steel - Grade 304 (UNS S30400) Grade 304 is a standard "18/8" stainless. They are a combination of martensitic and austenitic steels. 67 °F: Specific Heat: 490: 530: J/kg. 027652 (0. The hot working activation energy for steel 321 is significantly higher than that for 304 at 465 kJ/mol and 446 kJ/mol respectively which affects their respective Z parameters at otherwise equivalent conditions.